Objective:

To summarize current knowledge on the interplay between brain aging and multiple sclerosis (MS) in elderly individuals, integrating clinical, radiological, and therapeutic evidence.

Approach:

Key Findings:

• Aging shifts MS pathobiology from relapse-driven inflammation to chronic neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.
• Immunosenescence and 'inflammaging' contribute to microglial activation and disease progression independent of relapse activity.
• Age impacts disability trajectories and cognitive decline in pwMS.

Interpretation:

The review outlines the complex relationship between aging and MS, emphasizing the need for personalized treatment strategies in older patients.

Limitations:

• The review identifies key gaps, such as the need for more clinical trials and biomarker studies to address the unique challenges faced by older pwMS.

Conclusion:

Practical implications for personalized treatment decisions in older pwMS are outlined, along with emerging therapeutic approaches and the need to address identified research gaps.

Attribution Notice

This content is an AI-generated, fully rewritten summary based on a published scholarly article. It does not reproduce the original text and is not a substitute for the original publication. Readers are encouraged to consult the source for full context, data, and methodology.