To investigate the effect of evening systolic and diastolic blood pressure on morning blood pressure in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients, with a focus on gender differences.
Approach:
Study Design: A retrospective study of 911 OSA patients diagnosed via polysomnography, evaluating the association between evening and morning blood pressure using multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models.
Data Collection: Data on demographics, comorbidities, and blood pressure measurements were collected from medical records.
Statistical Analysis: Multivariable-adjusted analyses and restricted cubic splines were used to assess linearity and dose-response relationships, stratified by sex.
Key Findings:
A consistent positive association between evening and morning blood pressure was found in both sexes.
In males, diabetes mellitus intensified the association between evening and morning blood pressure.
In females, the association was most evident among those with non-severe OSA.
Severe OSA exacerbated morning blood pressure surges in males with high evening blood pressure, a phenomenon not observed in females.
Interpretation:
Evening systolic and diastolic blood pressure showed a linear association with morning blood pressure, influenced by sex and OSA severity.
Limitations:
Retrospective design limits causality inference.
Inability to obtain detailed information on antihypertensive and cardiovascular medications.
Potential influence of comorbidities on blood pressure patterns.
Conclusion:
Evening blood pressure is associated with morning blood pressure in OSA patients, with significant differences based on sex and disease severity.
