Objective:

To examine longitudinal changes in clinical status and biomarkers preceding sudden death in patients with HFmrEF/HFpEF.

Approach:

Key Findings:

• Patients who experienced sudden death showed modest worsening in NYHA class and an 8-point decline in Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire Total Symptom Score.
• N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide levels rose in the months before sudden death.
• Survivors demonstrated improvement in clinical status, contrasting with the deterioration seen in those who died suddenly.
• Similar declines were observed in patients who died from heart failure-related or other nonsudden cardiovascular causes.

Interpretation:

Remove this section.

Limitations:

• Nonspecific nature of clinical changes limits immediate clinical actionability.
• Current risk assessment methods do not reliably predict sudden death.

Conclusion:

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Sources:

• FINEARTS-HF Trial
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