Objective:

To explore the role of simulation-based training and the integration of artificial intelligence in minimally invasive surgical therapies (MIST) for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), with a specific focus on Rezum and UroLift.

Key Findings:

• Simulation-based training is essential for mastering MIST techniques due to limited case volumes and variations in resident exposure, highlighting the need for structured training programs.
• Innovations in simulation technology, including VR and high-fidelity mannequins, enhance surgical education and skill acquisition, potentially leading to better patient outcomes.
• The only study on the Rezum simulator showed high reliability and better performance scores among more experienced participants, suggesting a need for further research on its effectiveness.

Interpretation:

Simulation training effectively bridges the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application in MIST, improving technical competence and patient safety.

Limitations:

• Limited research on the construct validity of simulation platforms for Rezum and UroLift may affect the generalizability of the findings.
• Only three studies were included, with no research on iTIND simulation, indicating a gap in the literature that needs to be addressed.

Conclusion:

Simulation-based training, particularly with AI integration, is poised to enhance urology education and improve patient outcomes in MIST, emphasizing the need for ongoing research and development in this area.