Objective:

To summarize the latest advances in PANoptosis-associated mechanisms underlying diabetic retinopathy (DR) pathogenesis and evaluate potential therapeutic strategies.

Approach:

Key Findings:

• PANoptosis integrates apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis, contributing to retinal damage in DR.
• Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress is a key driver of retinal neurodegeneration.
• Current research on PANoptosis in DR is fragmented, with gaps in understanding its mechanisms and therapeutic potential.

Interpretation:

PANoptosis is a dynamic process that contributes to both retinal neurovascular injury and host defense.

Limitations:

• Direct evidence of PANoptosome assembly in specific diabetic retinal cell types is limited.
• The crosstalk between PANoptosis and immune cell infiltration in retinal inflammation is poorly characterized.
• Functional validation of PANoptosis-related genes as biomarkers in DR remains underexplored.

Conclusion:

Future therapeutic strategies should prioritize biomarker-guided, localized, and cell-type-specific modulation of PANoptosis pathways.

Source

Based on findings from:

PANoptosis in diabetic retinopathy: immunological insights into mechanisms and translational therapies

Lingli Ma, Ning Hou, Xiaoyu Zhao, Zimeng Li, Qing Liu, Jianyu Zhao, Qing Wang. Frontiers In Immunology, 2026.

https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1668099/full

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This content is an AI-generated, fully rewritten summary based on a published scholarly article. It does not reproduce the original text and is not a substitute for the original publication. Readers are encouraged to consult the source for full context, data, and methodology.