To systematically summarize clinical features, tumor associations, and auxiliary examinations of anti-mGluR5 encephalitis, and to explore differences between MRI-negative and MRI-positive patients.
Key Findings:
60 patients were identified, with 40 having a predominant anti-mGluR5 encephalitis phenotype.
Common manifestations included cognitive deficits, behavioral disturbances, sleep disturbances, seizures, movement disorders, and decreased level of consciousness.
Tumors were found in 25.0% of patients, more frequently in Western patients (60.0%) compared to Chinese patients (4.0%).
MRI abnormalities were present in 52.5% of patients, with no significant difference in mRS between MRI-positive and MRI-negative groups.
CSF positivity for anti-mGluR5 antibodies was lower than serum positivity (54.8% vs. 96.8%).
Cognitive deficits were more frequent in MRI-positive patients (95.2% vs. 68.4%).
Interpretation:
The clinical features of anti-mGluR5 encephalitis are heterogeneous, with variations in tumor associations and antibody positivity rates between different populations.
Limitations:
The study is based on previously reported cases, which may introduce reporting bias.
The sample size is relatively small, limiting the generalizability of findings.
Conclusion:
The findings highlight the clinical heterogeneity of anti-mGluR5 encephalitis and suggest that serum antibody testing may be prioritized over CSF testing for diagnosis.
