To evaluate the association between vitamin D3 supplementation and diabetes risk in relation to specific genetic polymorphisms, particularly ApaI, in patients with prediabetes.
Key Findings:
Vitamin D3 supplementation reduced diabetes progression by 19% in patients with ApaI AC or CC genotypes (HR 0.81; 95% CI 0.66-0.99).
No significant reduction in diabetes risk was observed in patients with the ApaI AA genotype (HR 1.02; 95% CI 0.72-1.44).
Higher intratrial 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels correlated with lower diabetes risk in AC and CC genotypes, particularly at levels ≥40 ng/mL.
Interpretation:
The study suggests that genetic variants in the vitamin D receptor, particularly ApaI, may influence the effectiveness of vitamin D3 supplementation in reducing diabetes risk.
Limitations:
Exploratory findings require confirmation in future trials.
Study not powered to assess genotype-associated treatment response across racial or ethnic groups.
Biologic mechanisms underlying associations were not evaluated.
Long-term effects of vitamin D3 supplementation were not assessed.
Conclusion:
Genetic testing for vitamin D receptor polymorphisms may help identify individuals who could benefit from vitamin D3 supplementation to reduce diabetes risk, suggesting a need for personalized approaches in clinical practice.
A large English cohort study found influenza hospitalization more than doubled the short-term risk of new-onset diabetes, with prediabetes and critical care admission among the strongest predictors.
