To synthesize evidence on how environmental exposure, optical signaling, and genetic susceptibility contribute to myopia development and progression, emphasizing the integration of findings.
Approach:
Key Findings:
Disrupted vision-guided eye growth is a primary driver of myopia progression.
Near work and reduced outdoor exposure are significant contributors to myopia.
Genetic factors, including variants in the VIPR2 gene, interact with environmental exposures to influence myopia progression.
Interventions such as orthokeratology and multifocal lenses significantly reduce axial elongation and myopia progression, with specific percentages noted.
Interpretation:
The findings suggest that myopia management should be individualized, considering environmental, optical, and genetic factors for optimal control, highlighting practical implications.
Limitations:
The review included heterogeneous evidence with variability in populations and methodologies, which may affect the generalizability of findings.
An individualized approach to myopia management that combines tailored strategies is essential for effective control, reinforcing the significance of these findings.
