Objective:

To evaluate the associations between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and Children's Dietary Inflammatory Index (C-DII) and cardiometabolic risk indicators in school-aged adolescents from a major Brazilian city.

Approach:

• Study Design: Cross-sectional study involving 552 adolescents aged 10 to 17 years from public state schools in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
• Data Collection: Collected socioeconomic, demographic, lifestyle, clinical, anthropometric, and dietary intake data by a trained research team between 2016 and 2018.

Key Findings:

• The DII and C-DII are tools to quantify dietary inflammatory potential based on nutrient intake.
• The C-DII was adapted for children and adolescents but still relies on an adult-based database.
• This study is the first to apply the C-DII in Brazilian adolescents.

Interpretation:

Limitations:

• The C-DII is based on an adult dietary database, which may affect its validity in children.
• Limited studies validating the C-DII across different age groups and cultural contexts may impact the findings.

Conclusion:

The study provides a pioneering assessment of the C-DII in Brazilian adolescents, emphasizing the importance of dietary factors in cardiometabolic health during adolescence.