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1
Chronic wounds fail to heal due to infection-driven impairment of the proliferative phase, disrupting cellular expansion and tissue repair.
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2
Wound-associated microbial communities establish pathogenic ecosystems that compromise host regenerative programs through virulence factors and biofilm persistence.
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3
The proposed IDPPI framework reorders causality, emphasizing infection-driven blockade of proliferative repair as a primary failure mode in chronic wounds.
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4
Targeted therapeutic strategies should focus on suppressing microbial virulence, restoring immune homeostasis, and promoting regeneration using advanced materials.
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5
Advancements in multi-omics, biomimetic models, and real-time technologies can enable dynamic assessment and adaptive interventions in chronic wound management.