Beyond celiac disease: the potential role of gluten in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

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Celiac disease and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis share overlapping autoimmune mechanisms, indicating a broader spectrum of polyautoimmunity.
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Gluten is a recognized trigger in celiac disease, while its role in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is less clear and not universally accepted.
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Evidence supports lifelong gluten-free diets for celiac disease, but not for all patients with non-celiac Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.
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Personalized dietary guidance is recommended for Hashimoto’s patients, rather than routine gluten elimination.
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Future research should focus on randomized trials to identify which thyroid-autoimmune phenotypes may benefit from gluten avoidance.

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