The Relationship Between Microbiota and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Insights into Mechanisms, Diagnostic Approaches, and Treatment Innovations

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Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by immune dysregulation and multiorgan involvement.
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Microbiota dysbiosis in SLE is marked by an increase in pathobionts and a decrease in immunoregulatory commensals across various body sites.
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Three mechanistic pathways link microbial imbalance to SLE autoimmunity: molecular mimicry, disrupted redox homeostasis, and altered epigenetic regulation.
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Microbiome-targeted interventions, such as probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation, show promise in restoring microbial balance and modulating immune responses.
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Emerging microbial signatures may serve as biomarkers for SLE disease activity and treatment response, highlighting the potential for personalized therapies.

Frontiers In Immunology

by Miaomiao Hua, Jun Luo, Pin Li, Yuanyuan Zhang, Xiaqing Zhang, Yu Wu, Hairong Dong
April 24, 2026

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