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1
The circadian system regulates cardiovascular immune homeostasis, influencing disease progression through immune response timing.
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2
Core circadian regulators like BMAL1 and CLOCK shape immune-cell activation via transcriptional and metabolic mechanisms.
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3
Disrupted circadian timing can lead to inappropriate leukocyte recruitment and altered macrophage polarization, affecting cardiovascular health.
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4
Chronopharmacology requires careful consideration of factors like circadian phase and patient characteristics for effective treatment strategies.
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5
The review organizes research into distinct layers, addressing molecular timing, immune rhythmicity, disease mechanisms, and translational opportunities.
