The alarmin–ILC2 axis as a candidate mechanism for persistent olfactory dysfunction in allergic rhinitis - Takeaways - MDSpire

The alarmin–ILC2 axis as a candidate mechanism for persistent olfactory dysfunction in allergic rhinitis

  • By

  • Jin-xiang Zhu

  • Hao-ran Luo

  • Dan Li

  • Biao-qing Lu

  • Wei-juan Zhang

  • Guan-jiang Huang

  • Yan Ruan

  • July 8, 2026

  • 0 min

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  • 1

    Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a prevalent inflammatory condition that can lead to olfactory dysfunction (OD) in 28%-43% of patients.

  • 2

    Current explanations for AR-associated OD focus on conductive obstruction, but some patients experience persistent smell loss despite improved nasal airflow.

  • 3

    The article proposes a hypothesis that allergen-induced epithelial stress activates an alarmin–ILC2/type 2 neuroimmune pathway contributing to OD.

  • 4

    Evidence supporting the proposed mechanisms is indirect and derived from various models, with no direct validation in human AR olfactory cleft tissue.

  • 5

    The framework aims to guide future studies on biomarkers and mechanisms related to AR-associated olfactory dysfunction.

Original Source(s)

The alarmin–ILC2 axis as a candidate mechanism for persistent olfactory dysfunction in allergic rhinitis

  • by Jin-xiang Zhu, Hao-ran Luo, Dan Li, Biao-qing Lu, Wei-juan Zhang, Guan-jiang Huang, Yan Ruan

  • July 8, 2026

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