Case Report: Pediatric mediastinal actinomycosis mimicking lymphoma diagnosed by tissue metagenomic next-generation sequencing - Takeaways - MDSpire

Case Report: Pediatric mediastinal actinomycosis mimicking lymphoma diagnosed by tissue metagenomic next-generation sequencing

  • By

  • Meng Yi

  • Ying Dai

  • Chao Liu

  • Huiping Lang

  • Xianping Jiang

  • Xiuli Yuan

  • July 6, 2026

  • 0 min

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  • 1

    Mediastinal actinomycosis in children can mimic lymphoma, complicating diagnosis due to overlapping clinical and imaging features.

  • 2

    A 2-year-old girl presented with fever and cough, and imaging revealed enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes resembling a mass.

  • 3

    Metagenomic next-generation sequencing identified Actinomyces oris, confirming the diagnosis of actinomycosis after negative malignancy tests.

  • 4

    The patient improved with antimicrobial therapy, but surgical intervention was necessary to rule out lymphoma due to persistent lesions.

  • 5

    This case emphasizes the importance of integrating pathology, mNGS, and imaging to avoid misdiagnosis and unnecessary treatments.

Original Source(s)

Case Report: Pediatric mediastinal actinomycosis mimicking lymphoma diagnosed by tissue metagenomic next-generation sequencing

  • by Meng Yi, Ying Dai, Chao Liu, Huiping Lang, Xianping Jiang, Xiuli Yuan

  • July 6, 2026

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