Circadian dimensions in insomnia disorder: mechanistic evidence, candidate phenotypes, and a phenotype-stratified research framework - Takeaways - MDSpire

Circadian Factors in Insomnia Disorder: Mechanistic Insights, Potential Phenotypes, and a Research Framework Based on Phenotype Stratification

  • By

  • Shasha Zhang

  • Yan Liu

  • Jinzhi Tan

  • Wenting Si

  • Hongyi Liu

  • Yini Huang

  • Yanfang Li

  • Jianfen Xiao

  • July 17, 2026

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  • 1

    Insomnia disorder is characterized by persistent sleep initiation and maintenance difficulties, often linked to mental health issues.

  • 2

    The two-process model of sleep regulation incorporates both homeostatic sleep pressure and circadian factors affecting sleep.

  • 3

    Some patients with insomnia may experience misalignment between their circadian phase and intended sleep times, affecting sleep quality.

  • 4

    A proposed circadian phenotyping framework aims to categorize insomnia based on various circadian measurements and symptoms.

  • 5

    Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is the first-line treatment, with adjunctive modules suggested for phenotype-stratified trials.

Original Source(s)

Circadian dimensions in insomnia disorder: mechanistic evidence, candidate phenotypes, and a phenotype-stratified research framework

  • by Shasha Zhang, Yan Liu, Jinzhi Tan, Wenting Si, Hongyi Liu, Yini Huang, Yanfang Li, Jianfen Xiao

  • July 17, 2026

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