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1
The US federal government enacted a complete immigration ban on 19 countries on December 2, 2025, affecting all immigration pathways.
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2
Annual physician inflow from banned countries rose from 350 in 2010 to 459 in 2023, comprising 2.5% of total physician inflow.
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3
In 2023, 2.15% of all US physicians and 1.41% of all US nurses were from the banned countries, totaling nearly 24,000 physicians and 56,000 nurses.
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4
Counties with at least one physician from banned countries were more likely to be designated as primary care Health Professional Shortage Areas.
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5
The study highlights that the immigration ban could exacerbate healthcare workforce shortages in underserved communities.