Macrophages in MASLD: from inflammatory and metabolic crosstalk to exercise intervention

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Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) lacks approved therapies and poses a significant public health burden.
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Hepatic macrophages play a central role in MASLD pathogenesis, bridging metabolic stress, inflammation, and fibrosis.
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Single-cell transcriptomics has identified heterogeneous subsets of hepatic macrophages, including lipid-associated and scar-associated macrophages.
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Exercise interventions can modulate macrophage polarization and improve MASLD by promoting anti-inflammatory signals from skeletal muscle.
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The review emphasizes the importance of understanding macrophage-centered mechanisms in MASLD and the potential of lifestyle interventions.

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