National trends and county-level geographic disparities in mortality from operationally defined cardiovascular–kidney–metabolic stages 4 and 4b in the United States - Takeaways - MDSpire

National trends and county-level geographic disparities in mortality from operationally defined cardiovascular–kidney–metabolic stages 4 and 4b in the United States

  • By

  • Kaide Xia

  • Junwen Wang

  • Bingpeng Gao

  • May 29, 2026

  • 0 min

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  • 1

    From 1999 to 2023, age-adjusted mortality rates for stage 4 declined, while rates for stage 4b also decreased but showed an increase in the last decade.

  • 2

    Stage 4 mortality rates increased by 1.17% annually after 2013, and stage 4b mortality rates increased by 4.63% annually after 2015.

  • 3

    Geographic disparities were evident, with stage 4 mortality forming a high-burden belt across the Deep South and Appalachia.

  • 4

    Stage 4b hotspots were more dispersed, with corridor-like clustering observed in parts of the Great Plains and Mountain West.

  • 5

    Tracking both absolute burden and kidney failure-associated mortality may enhance targeted strategies for cardio-renal risk reduction.

Original Source(s)

National trends and county-level geographic disparities in mortality from operationally defined cardiovascular–kidney–metabolic stages 4 and 4b in the United States

  • by Kaide Xia, Junwen Wang, Bingpeng Gao

  • May 29, 2026

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