The challenge of accurate cardiovascular risk assessment in gender-affirming individuals

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Gender incongruence affects 0.5–1.3% of the population, highlighting the need for tailored healthcare for transgender and gender-diverse individuals.
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Gender-affirming hormone therapy influences cardiovascular risk, with oestrogen linked to thrombotic alterations and testosterone associated with atherogenic lipid profiles.
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Current cardiovascular risk assessment tools fail to accurately evaluate risk in transgender individuals, relying on binary classifications based on biological sex.
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TGD individuals may face increased cardiovascular risk due to factors like physical inactivity and minority stress, complicating risk stratification.
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There is a pressing need for a new cardiovascular risk assessment model tailored for TGD individuals, considering unique health determinants and psychosocial factors.

European Journal Of Preventive Cardiology

by Marco Vecchiato, Daniel Neunhaeuserer, Stefano Palermi, Alessandro Biffi, Alberto Scala, Andrea Ermolao
April 2, 2025

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