The impact of gut microbiome on intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy—systematic literature review

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Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a liver disease that typically occurs in the second or third trimester and resolves after delivery.
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The incidence of ICP varies significantly by ethnicity and geography, ranging from 0.3% to 27.6%, with the USA reporting approximately 5.6%.
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Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome may contribute to the pathogenesis of ICP, highlighting the need for further investigation into microbial changes.
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Bile acids play a central role in ICP development, influencing various physiological processes including lipid absorption and immune regulation.
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Modulating the gut microbiome could offer new therapeutic strategies for ICP, improving disease monitoring and individualized management.

Frontiers In Medicine

by Florence Julie Donzé, Nadine Eli, Nicoletta Di Simone, Barbara Baur Cavegn, Martin Mueller
June 17, 2026

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