Application of flipped classroom in surgical education: a systematic review and meta-analysis - Takeaways - MDSpire

Application of flipped classroom in surgical education: a systematic review and meta-analysis

  • By

  • Rui Cheng

  • Sike He

  • Yuan Wang

  • Huan Ren

  • Xingming Zhang

  • Yunjin Bai

  • May 28, 2026

  • 0 min

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  • 1

    The flipped classroom (FC) model shows significant benefits over traditional lectures (TL) in surgical education.

  • 2

    FC improves learning outcomes, with notable enhancements in total, theoretical, and operational scores compared to TL.

  • 3

    The systematic review included 11 studies, while the meta-analysis incorporated 9, assessing the effectiveness of FC.

  • 4

    High certainty of evidence was found for total and operational scores in randomized studies, but low for non-randomized studies.

  • 5

    The findings suggest that FC may be a promising approach for improving academic performance in surgical education.

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