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1
Frailty is more prevalent in HIV patients, influenced by age-related stress, chronic disease, stigma, and prolonged treatment.
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2
The study identified cytokines and chemokines linked to frailty, regulated by NF-κB signaling, independent of comorbidities.
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3
In frail HIV patients, exhausted T-cell subpopulations, marked by PD-1 and TIGIT, correlate with immune dysfunction and frailty.
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4
Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is associated with frailty and may play a role in immune checkpoint induction and bone health.
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5
Further research is needed to clarify the role of immune senescence and its impact on frailty, aging, and therapeutic interventions.
