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Assessing the Integration of Cardiovascular Research into Clinical Practice Guidelines

  • By

  • Johan Skov Bundgaard

  • Jonas Skjold Raaschou-Pedersen

  • Kasper Iversen

  • Henning Bundgaard

  • Mark P. Khurana

  • Daniel Raaschou-Oddershede

  • August 24, 2026

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  • 1

    The European Society of Cardiology has issued clinical practice guidelines since 1994, covering all cardiology domains.

  • 2

    Only 15.5% of recommendations in ESC guidelines are supported by level of evidence A, indicating reliance on lower-tier evidence.

  • 3

    Over 80% of basic research studies have not been cited in clinical research articles, limiting their direct influence on guidelines.

  • 4

    The study aims to quantify the proportion of articles cited in successive ESC guideline editions and assess indirect citation links.

  • 5

    Citation-network tools will evaluate research-to-guideline pathways, including direct and indirect effects of published studies.

Original Source(s)

Quantifying the inclusion of cardiovascular research into clinical guidelines

  • by Johan Skov Bundgaard, Jonas Skjold Raaschou-Pedersen, Kasper Iversen, Henning Bundgaard, Mark P. Khurana, Daniel Raaschou-Oddershede

  • August 24, 2026

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