PVN mechanisms in OSA comorbidities: from intermittent hypoxia–stress to therapy

1

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is linked to significant cardiovascular and neuropsychiatric comorbidities, including hypertension and depression.
2

The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus is crucial for autonomic regulation and mediates the effects of chronic intermittent hypoxia and stress.
3

Key mechanisms driving OSA-related comorbidities include neuronal plasticity, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and epigenetic reprogramming.
4

Dysregulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and sustained sympathetic overactivation are central to OSA's impact on health.
5

Emerging diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for OSA focus on precision medicine, including phenotype-specific pharmacotherapies and neuromodulation.

1