Incomplete rather than complete nasolacrimal duct obstruction Is strongly associated with meibomian gland dysfunction in postmenopausal women with PANDO: a cross-sectional study - Takeaways - MDSpire

Incomplete rather than complete nasolacrimal duct obstruction Is strongly associated with meibomian gland dysfunction in postmenopausal women with PANDO: a cross-sectional study

  • By

  • Haili Jin

  • Yin Liu

  • Xianjie Chen

  • April 30, 2026

  • 0 min

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  • 1

    Incomplete nasolacrimal duct obstruction is significantly associated with severe meibomian gland dysfunction in postmenopausal women.

  • 2

    The study included 272 postmenopausal women, with 180 diagnosed with primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction.

  • 3

    Multivariable regression analysis identified incomplete obstruction as the strongest independent risk factor for meibomian gland loss.

  • 4

    Longer duration of PANDO was linked to reduced odds of expressibility impairment in meibomian glands.

  • 5

    Routine meibography is recommended for detecting silent meibomian gland atrophy in patients with PANDO.

Original Source(s)

Incomplete rather than complete nasolacrimal duct obstruction Is strongly associated with meibomian gland dysfunction in postmenopausal women with PANDO: a cross-sectional study

  • by Haili Jin, Yin Liu, Xianjie Chen

  • April 30, 2026

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