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1
Leptospirosis is usually acquired through soil or water contaminated by infected-animal urine, with rodents serving as the principal reservoir.
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2
Approximately 5% to 10% of infections progress to severe multisystem disease, including jaundice and acute kidney injury, with reported mortality of 5% to 15%.
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3
New York City locally acquired cases rose from about 3 annually during 2001–2020 to 15 in each of 2021 and 2022, and 24 in 2023.
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4
Heavy precipitation, flooding, inadequate drainage, and warmer, wetter conditions may increase urban exposure by spreading Leptospira and prolonging its environmental survival.
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5
Housing instability, neighborhood disinvestment, inadequate sanitation, and rodent burden contribute to disproportionate leptospirosis risk among socioeconomically disadvantaged people.
