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1
Cardiac functional assessment has evolved from relying solely on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) to a multidimensional approach.
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2
Contemporary imaging evaluates cardiac function across five domains: pump function, myocardial deformation, diastolic function, flow dynamics, and tissue characterization.
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3
Integrating biomarkers across these domains may enhance the understanding of cardiac dysfunction compared to LVEF alone.
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4
The proposed framework emphasizes a selective escalation strategy for imaging modalities, starting with standard echocardiography.
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5
Practical barriers to implementing this framework include cost-effectiveness, workflow integration, and the need for standardized AI-based interpretations.
