Fractal Analysis of Retinal Microvasculature and Its Association with Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis - Takeaways - MDSpire
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Fractal Analysis of Retinal Microvasculature and Its Association with Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

  • By

  • Yihao Lian

  • Guixin Li

  • Haoyu Liu

  • Qing Zhang

  • November 26, 2025

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  • 1

    Cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence rose significantly from 31.31 million in 1990 to 55.45 million in 2019, highlighting a global health crisis.

  • 2

    Retinal microvasculature may serve as promising biomarkers for evaluating microvascular impairment associated with CVD progression.

  • 3

    Fractal analysis of retinal vasculature assesses blood flow density and branching patterns, with fractal dimension (FD) indicating vascular network complexity.

  • 4

    The relationship between FD and CVD outcomes is inconsistent, with some studies showing significant associations while others do not.

  • 5

    This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the association between FD and CVD risk, considering vessel types and specific CVD outcomes.

Original Source(s)

Fractal Analysis of Retinal Microvasculature and Its Association with Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

  • by Yihao Lian, Guixin Li, Haoyu Liu, Qing Zhang

  • November 26, 2025

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