Interactions Between SARS-CoV-2 and Host Cells: The Critical Functions of E3 Ubiquitin Ligases and Ubiquitin-Like Modification Pathways in Viral Pathogenesis

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E3 ubiquitin ligases are crucial in the interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and host cells, influencing viral replication and immune responses.
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SARS-CoV-2 employs molecular mimicry to hijack host E3 ligases, aiding in immune evasion and promoting persistent infection.
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Differential expression of tissue-specific E3 ligases impacts COVID-19 severity and symptoms, including Long COVID effects.
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Understanding the complex networks of antiviral and proviral E3 ligases is essential for developing targeted antiviral therapies.
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E3 ligase-mediated ubiquitin-like modifications play a significant role in the host-virus interaction, warranting further exploration.

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