Hypotensive Agents Reduce Bleeding in ESS

Diltiazem, esmolol, dexmedetomidine, labetalol, and clonidine were associated with improved surgical field quality and comparable safety profiles

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Controlled hypotension agents effectively reduce intraoperative bleeding during endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS).
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Diltiazem showed the greatest reduction in bleeding scores, followed by esmolol, dexmedetomidine, labetalol, and clonidine.
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Dexmedetomidine significantly lowered intraoperative mean arterial pressure by approximately 30 mm Hg compared to placebo.
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Esmolol and labetalol were associated with shorter emergence times and quicker recovery of consciousness post-anesthesia.
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Future research should standardize protocols and focus on tailoring hypotensive agent selection to individual patient needs.

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