Immunological barriers and engineering strategies for CAR-T cell therapy in acute myeloid leukemia

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Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) presents significant treatment challenges, particularly in relapsed or refractory cases.
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CAR-T therapy has shown success in B-cell malignancies but faces limitations in AML due to target specificity and immunosuppressive environments.
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Key barriers to CAR-T therapy in AML include insufficient target antigens, leukemic heterogeneity, and an immunosuppressive bone marrow microenvironment.
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Current target antigens in AML often overlap with normal hematopoietic cells, leading to potential toxicity and limiting therapeutic options.
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Emerging engineering strategies aim to enhance CAR-T cell targeting precision and functional fitness to overcome barriers in AML treatment.

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