Active components in digital health interventions for sleep among adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

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Digital health interventions (DHIs) effectively promote healthy sleep in adolescents, addressing the high prevalence of sleep problems and their links to mental health.
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The systematic review included 18 randomized controlled trials with 13,296 participants, primarily evaluating digital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (dCBT-I).
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Pooled analyses indicated that dCBT-I significantly reduced insomnia severity and modestly improved sleep quality, with secondary benefits for mental health outcomes.
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Active components of effective DHIs included cognitive restructuring, mindfulness, stimulus control, and sleep restriction, particularly beneficial for those with insomnia.
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Future research should focus on refining digital delivery methods, ensuring intervention fidelity, and identifying which active ingredients lead to sustained improvements.

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