Indoor air quality in day-care centers, kindergartens, and primary schools: a pediatric health-oriented operational framework aligned with European and U.S. IAQ standards - Takeaways - MDSpire
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Assessing Indoor Air Quality in Childcare Facilities and Schools: A Framework for Pediatric Health in Accordance with European and U.S. Standards

  • By

  • Carmen Díaz-López

  • Alejandro Morales-Ruiz

  • María Dolores Joyanes-Ruíz

  • Carmen M. Muñoz-González

  • June 16, 2026

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  • 1

    Children aged 0–12 spend significant time in high-density childcare and school environments, impacting their exposure to indoor air quality.

  • 2

    The study synthesizes evidence on indoor air quality in early childhood and primary school settings, highlighting differences in exposure patterns.

  • 3

    CO2 levels are a key indicator of ventilation performance, but do not fully represent outdoor pollutants like NO2 or PM/VOC behaviors.

  • 4

    The review emphasizes the need for tailored IAQ management strategies that include ventilation, filtration, and moisture-risk mitigation.

  • 5

    A conceptual N1–N3 pathway is proposed for evidence-based IAQ implementation, requiring further validation in real-world school settings.

Original Source(s)

Indoor air quality in day-care centers, kindergartens, and primary schools: a pediatric health-oriented operational framework aligned with European and U.S. IAQ standards

  • by Carmen Díaz-López, Alejandro Morales-Ruiz, María Dolores Joyanes-Ruíz, Carmen M. Muñoz-González

  • June 16, 2026

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