Sex-specific differences in disease severity and outcomes in left ventricular heart failure: a nationwide cohort study

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Left ventricular heart failure (LVHF) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, significantly impacting healthcare systems globally.
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The NYHA classification system is essential for assessing LVHF severity based on symptoms and functional limitations.
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Sex influences the epidemiology and management of LVHF, with women often underdiagnosed and undertreated compared to men.
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This study analyzes sex-specific differences in LVHF outcomes across NYHA classes using comprehensive nationwide data.
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Findings aim to inform strategies for optimizing LVHF management and addressing inequities in care based on sex.

Clinical Research In Cardiology

by Anastasia Janina Hobbach, Jannik Feld, Jeanette Köppe, Jürgen Reinhard Sindermann, Holger Reinecke
February 23, 2026

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