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1
Innate immunity regulates adaptive immune responses through mechanisms like antigen presentation, cytokine production, and metabolic reprogramming.
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2
Defective innate signaling can lead to impaired pathogen control and weak adaptive immune priming, while excessive activation may cause autoimmune inflammation.
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3
Trained immunity involves long-lasting changes in innate immune cells driven by metabolic and epigenetic alterations, affecting subsequent adaptive responses.
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4
Barrier immunity plays a crucial role in shaping adaptive immunity by limiting antigen entry and releasing mediators that influence local immune responses.
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5
The review proposes a framework based on signal strength, duration, and bias to understand how innate immune changes lead to adaptive immune dysfunction.
