Shifts in unidentified-pathogen acute hematogenous osteomyelitis incidence after nonpharmaceutical interventions highlight the role of seasonal viruses: An interrupted time-series analysis - Takeaways - MDSpire
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Changes in the Incidence of Acute Hematogenous Osteomyelitis from Unidentified Pathogens Following Nonpharmaceutical Interventions: Insights from an Interrupted Time-Series Study on Seasonal Viral Impact

  • By

  • Virginia Leao

  • Zein Assad

  • Zaba Valtuille

  • Naïm Ouldali

  • Florentia Kaguelidou

  • Camille Aupiais

  • Romain Basmaci

  • September 7, 2026

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  • 1

    Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis (AHO) accounts for approximately 40% of osteoarticular infections in children younger than 5 years.

  • 2

    In France and several other countries, Kingella kingae is considered to be involved in 50%-80% of AHO cases in young children and is probably the leading pathogen in unidentified-pathogen AHO (UP-AHO).

  • 3

    After COVID-19-related nonpharmaceutical interventions were implemented in March 2020, rates of community-acquired viral and bacterial infections in children declined, then rebounded after the interventions ended.

  • 4

    The study analyzed UP-AHO incidence among children aged 1 to <5 years from January 2015 through August 2023 and assessed its temporal association with changes in seasonal viral circulation.

  • 5

    Data came from France’s national hospital-based medico-administrative PMSI database, with eligible UP-AHO cases identified using ICD-10 diagnosis codes.

Original Source(s)

Shifts in unidentified-pathogen acute hematogenous osteomyelitis incidence after nonpharmaceutical interventions highlight the role of seasonal viruses: An interrupted time-series analysis

  • by Virginia Leao, Zein Assad, Zaba Valtuille, Naïm Ouldali, Florentia Kaguelidou, Camille Aupiais, Romain Basmaci

  • September 7, 2026

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