Cancers after hematopoietic cell transplantation for aplastic anemia—the importance of persistence

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Patients with Severe Aplastic Anemia (SAA) show a significant risk of secondary cancers after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT).
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The study identified 53 cancers in 46 SAA patients, with a cumulative incidence of 11% at 26 years post-HCT, excluding non-melanoma skin cancers.
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Chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) significantly increases the risk of skin and oropharyngeal cancers in SAA patients after HCT.
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Unexpectedly, there was a notable excess of breast cancers in female SAA patients, suggesting non-radiation factors may influence cancer development.
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The late onset of cancers in SAA patients necessitates lifelong specialized follow-up due to the continuous risk of developing secondary malignancies.

Bone Marrow Transplantation

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