The intratumoral microbiome: a review of the tumor microenvironment’s fourth axis shaping anti-tumor immunity, cancer prognosis, and therapeutic response - Takeaways - MDSpire

The intratumoral microbiome: a review of the tumor microenvironment’s fourth axis shaping anti-tumor immunity, cancer prognosis, and therapeutic response

  • By

  • Joseph G. L. Hunter

  • Alexandra Roach

  • Lizbeth Nieves

  • Ariana Islas

  • Andrew Islas

  • Michelle DiPalma

  • June 4, 2026

  • 0 min

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  • 1

    The tumor microenvironment (TME) comprises malignant cells, stromal cells, infiltrating immune cells, and intratumoral microbes.

  • 2

    Intratumoral microbes significantly influence the TME and may affect tumor growth, progression, and therapeutic responses.

  • 3

    Dysbiosis of the intratumoral microbiome is associated with worse cancer prognosis, similar to systemic microbiome dysbiosis.

  • 4

    Current TME classification models often overlook the intratumoral microbiome, complicating the understanding of TME interactions.

  • 5

    Incorporating intratumoral microbiome analysis into TME subtyping could enhance differentiation between treatment responders and non-responders.

Original Source(s)

The intratumoral microbiome: a review of the tumor microenvironment’s fourth axis shaping anti-tumor immunity, cancer prognosis, and therapeutic response

  • by Joseph G. L. Hunter, Alexandra Roach, Lizbeth Nieves, Ariana Islas, Andrew Islas, Michelle DiPalma

  • June 4, 2026

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