Overcoming immunotherapy resistance in triple-negative breast cancer: a critical review of mast cell plasticity, metabolic reprogramming, and organoid models - Takeaways - MDSpire

Overcoming immunotherapy resistance in triple-negative breast cancer: a critical review of mast cell plasticity, metabolic reprogramming, and organoid models

  • By

  • Kunyuan He

  • Shaofeng Yang

  • Ke Zhang

  • Ling Yang

  • Fei Song

  • May 25, 2026

  • 0 min

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  • 1

    Immunotherapy resistance in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is driven by complex interactions within the tumor immune microenvironment.

  • 2

    Mast cells exhibit functional plasticity, with a subset capable of antigen presentation that can influence anti-tumor T cell responses.

  • 3

    Metabolic dysregulation in TNBC, characterized by glycolytic flux and lactate accumulation, skews mast cells towards immunosuppressive phenotypes.

  • 4

    Patient-derived organoid models enable the study of tumor-immune interactions and metabolic-immune circuits in a controlled environment.

  • 5

    Emerging therapeutic strategies focus on reprogramming mast cells and normalizing the metabolic environment to enhance anti-tumor immunity.

Original Source(s)

Overcoming immunotherapy resistance in triple-negative breast cancer: a critical review of mast cell plasticity, metabolic reprogramming, and organoid models

  • by Kunyuan He, Shaofeng Yang, Ke Zhang, Ling Yang, Fei Song

  • May 25, 2026

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