Prevalence of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction in the Upper Eyelid Among Postmenopausal Women with Primary Acquired Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction - Takeaways - MDSpire
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Prevalence of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction in the Upper Eyelid Among Postmenopausal Women with Primary Acquired Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction

  • By

  • Haili Jin

  • Xianjie Chen

  • Yin Liu

  • October 29, 2025

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  • 1

    Primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO) predominantly affects postmenopausal women, with a female-to-male incidence ratio of up to 3:1.

  • 2

    Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is a significant factor in evaporative dry eye disease, particularly in postmenopausal individuals.

  • 3

    Patients with lacrimal duct obstruction may experience dry eye symptoms even after successful surgical intervention.

  • 4

    This study investigates the involvement of meibomian glands in the upper and lower eyelids among postmenopausal women with PANDO.

  • 5

    Understanding the relationship between meibomian gland parameters and tear film function may inform targeted therapeutic strategies for PANDO.

Original Source(s)

Prevalence of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction in the Upper Eyelid Among Postmenopausal Women with Primary Acquired Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction

  • by Haili Jin, Xianjie Chen, Yin Liu

  • October 29, 2025

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Incomplete rather than complete nasolacrimal duct obstruction Is strongly associated with meibomian gland dysfunction in postmenopausal women with PANDO: a cross-sectional study

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