Retraction: HealthLINE: A messaging chatbot for supporting chronic disease self-management - Takeaways - MDSpire
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Withdrawal Notice: HealthLINE - A Chatbot Designed to Aid Self-Management of Chronic Conditions

  • September 7, 2026

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  • 1

    The article titled 'HealthLINE' was authored by Wang Y-F, Hsu M-H, and Wang MY-F and published in 2025.

  • 2

    Concerns were raised regarding the authenticity of the last author's reported affiliation.

  • 3

    The last author provided an institutional ID that had expired in 2023.

  • 4

    Pennsylvania State University confirmed the last author has no affiliation with its Marketing Department or University Park Campus.

  • 5

    The article was retracted due to the inability to verify the last author's identity.

Original Source(s)

Retraction: HealthLINE: A messaging chatbot for supporting chronic disease self-management

  • September 7, 2026

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