Systemic lupus erythematosus–driven accelerated atherosclerosis: the immune–metabolic–vascular axis and therapeutic implications

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Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) face a significantly increased risk of premature atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.
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Traditional risk factors do not fully account for the heightened cardiovascular risk in SLE, indicating disease-specific mechanisms at play.
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Persistent immune activation and immunometabolic dysregulation contribute to endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation in SLE.
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Future treatment strategies for SLE-related atherosclerosis should integrate metabolic resetting, immune blockade, and vascular protection.
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Current evidence on SLE and atherosclerosis is primarily mechanistic, necessitating dedicated trials to assess cardiovascular outcomes.

Frontiers In Immunology

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