The Impact of Gut Microbiome on Osteoporosis: Mechanisms, Clinical Links, and New Biomaterial Developments

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Osteoporosis is a widespread metabolic disorder leading to reduced bone mass and increased fracture risk, significantly impacting global health.
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The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in bone health by influencing bone homeostasis through mechanisms like microbial metabolite production and immune modulation.
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Advanced biomaterials, such as modified bone cements and intelligent hydrogels, offer innovative solutions for osteoporosis treatment by enhancing bone repair.
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Integrating biomaterial engineering with gut microbiota research creates new therapeutic strategies that target both bone reconstruction and gut health.
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Clinical translation of gut microbiota-modulating biomaterials faces challenges including microbial variability and long-term biocompatibility concerns.

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