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1
Chronic spinal pain is a leading cause of disability, especially in older adults, necessitating effective management strategies.
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2
Traditional pharmacological and surgical treatments for chronic pain often lack long-term efficacy and pose significant risks.
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3
Function-oriented, neuroscience-informed approaches, including Pain Neuroscience Education and structured exercise, show promise in improving outcomes.
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4
Adjunctive therapies like extracorporeal shockwave therapy and biological injectables may enhance pain management but require further research.
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5
A comprehensive, biopsychosocial model is essential for addressing chronic pain in older adults, integrating biological, psychological, and social factors.