Diversity in Reporting Signals of Inflammatory Central Nervous System Adverse Events Linked to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Primary and Metastatic Brain Tumors: A Pharmacovigilance Analysis with Single-Cell and Spatial Transcriptomic Insights

By
Junlin Song
Zeyu He
Chong Han
Xiaohong Hou
July 8, 2026

Frontiers In Immunology

1

Immune checkpoint inhibitors can induce severe inflammatory central nervous system adverse events, though they are uncommon.
2

The study analyzed inflammatory CNS irAE reporting signals across primary CNS tumors, brain metastases, and non-CNS solid tumors.
3

Adjusted odds ratios indicated tumor phenotype-associated heterogeneity in inflammatory CNS irAE reporting signals.
4

Single-cell analyses localized strict inflammatory module activity primarily to myeloid and T/NK compartments.
5

The findings suggest that stricter phenotype definitions are more specific than broader neuroinflammatory definitions.

Original Source(s)

Frontiers In Immunology

Heterogeneity of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related inflammatory central nervous system adverse event reporting signals in primary and metastatic brain tumors: a pharmacovigilance study with single-cell and spatial transcriptomic contextualization

by Junlin Song, Zeyu He, Chong Han, Xiaohong Hou
July 8, 2026

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