Hyperparathyroidism: current concepts in diagnosis and surgical treatment

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Hyperparathyroidism (HPT) is classified into primary, secondary, and tertiary forms, each with distinct causes and biochemical profiles.
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Surgical intervention is the only curative treatment for primary HPT and is crucial for advanced secondary and tertiary disease.
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Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy has replaced traditional bilateral neck exploration due to advancements in imaging and intraoperative monitoring.
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Fluorocholine PET/CT is a valuable imaging modality for localizing hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands, especially in complex cases.
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The review synthesizes current evidence and guidelines to provide a framework for the effective management of hyperparathyroidism.

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