A longitudinal analysis of the prevalence of restrictive interventions involving women with mental health conditions, learning disabilities or autism in mental health services in England

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Restrictive interventions among women in England's mental health services increased by approximately 12 percent annually from 2017 to 2025.
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No reduction in restrictive interventions was observed following the implementation of Seni’s Law, indicating a gap between policy and practice.
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Chemical restraint, seclusion, and segregation saw the most significant increases, while physical and mechanical restraint rates remained stable.
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Restrictive interventions declined among women under 18 but increased across all adult age groups, highlighting age-related disparities.
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The study emphasizes the need for operational changes and monitoring systems to effectively reduce restrictive interventions in mental health services.

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