Geriatric nutritional risk Index predicts adverse outcomes across cardiovascular–kidney–metabolic syndrome: discovery in NHANES and external validation in CKM stage 4 patients undergoing PCI - Takeaways - MDSpire

Geriatric nutritional risk Index predicts adverse outcomes across cardiovascular–kidney–metabolic syndrome: discovery in NHANES and external validation in CKM stage 4 patients undergoing PCI

  • By

  • Hongyan Zhu

  • Jing Yang

  • Yuqi Fang

  • Yizhu Yan

  • July 7, 2026

  • 0 min

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  • 1

    The study evaluated the prognostic value of the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) in cardiovascular–kidney–metabolic syndrome.

  • 2

    In the discovery cohort, lower GNRI quartiles were linked to higher hazards of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.

  • 3

    The validation cohort showed that lower GNRI significantly increased the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in Stage 4 CKM patients.

  • 4

    Each 1-unit increase in GNRI was associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality and MACE in both cohorts.

  • 5

    Adding GNRI to a clinical model improved risk discrimination for MACE, indicating its potential as a prognostic marker.

Original Source(s)

Geriatric nutritional risk Index predicts adverse outcomes across cardiovascular–kidney–metabolic syndrome: discovery in NHANES and external validation in CKM stage 4 patients undergoing PCI

  • by Hongyan Zhu, Jing Yang, Yuqi Fang, Yizhu Yan

  • July 7, 2026

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