Innovative Dose Calculation Techniques for Clinical Linear Accelerators: A Comprehensive Review

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Monte Carlo (MC) simulation offers superior dose calculation accuracy in radiotherapy compared to traditional algorithms, especially in complex scenarios.
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Recent advancements in GPU acceleration have significantly reduced MC computation times, achieving speed enhancements of 50 to 2500 times.
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Artificial intelligence (AI) is utilized in MC methods to minimize noise and further decrease computational duration in dose calculations.
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Elekta's Monaco system features a validated rapid MC engine, while Varian systems typically use MC for independent quality verification.
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Despite improvements in MC methodologies, direct evidence linking enhanced dosimetry to better clinical outcomes remains limited.

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